Previous research has suggested that number sense and language are involved in number representation and calculation, in which number sense supports approximate arithmetic, and language permits exact enumeration and calculation. Meanwhile, individuals with dyslexia have a core deficit in phonological processing. Based on these findings, we thus hypothesized that children with dyslexia may...

With a three-wave longitudinal design, the present study examined the impact of family socioeconomic status (SES) on parental involvement and student engagement in promoting children’s later academic achievement during the special coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 246 mother-primary school student dyads. The academic achievement of children ages 9 to 13 was measured both...